Why is it essential to rehydrate a patient experiencing DKA?

Rehydrating a patient experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is crucial primarily to restore electrolyte balance and help dilute blood glucose levels. In DKA, high blood glucose levels lead to increased osmotic diuresis, which causes significant fluid loss and dehydration. This dehydration not only exacerbates hyperglycemia but also contributes to electrolyte imbalances, particularly with important ions like potassium.

When fluids are administered, they help to lower blood glucose concentration by diluting the existing glucose levels in the bloodstream. Additionally, restoring hydration supports the kidneys in effectively excreting excess glucose and ketones, which are byproducts of fat metabolism that accumulate during DKA.

While promoting insulin absorption and decreasing the risk of infection are important in the overall management of diabetes and its emergencies, they are secondary effects of rehydration. Enhancing physical activity levels is not relevant in the acute management of DKA, as the primary focus is on stabilizing the patient's condition first.