What physiological change occurs in the body during diabetic ketoacidosis?

During diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), the body experiences excessive production of ketones. This condition occurs primarily in individuals with type 1 diabetes or those with type 2 diabetes who experience significant insulin deficiency due to illness or stress. When there is a lack of insulin, glucose cannot efficiently enter the cells to be used for energy, leading the body to begin breaking down fats for fuel instead. This fat breakdown results in the production of ketones as a byproduct.

Ketones are acidic compounds that can accumulate in the bloodstream, leading to metabolic acidosis, which is a hallmark of DKA. The presence of high levels of ketones and the resulting acidosis significantly contribute to the symptoms and complications associated with DKA, such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and altered mental status. Understanding this metabolic shift is crucial in managing diabetic emergencies effectively.