What is the primary hormone that regulates blood glucose levels in the body?

Insulin is the primary hormone responsible for regulating blood glucose levels in the body. It is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas and plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis of glucose. When blood glucose levels rise, such as after eating, insulin is released to facilitate the uptake of glucose into the body’s cells, particularly muscle and fat cells, where it can be used for energy or stored for future use. This action lowers the blood glucose level to a normal range.

In addition to its role in lowering blood sugar, insulin also influences the metabolism of fats and proteins, promoting their storage and synthesis. This makes it a key player in overall metabolic regulation.

While glucagon, cortisol, and adrenaline also impact blood glucose levels, they serve primarily to increase blood sugar when levels are low, functioning in opposition to insulin. Glucagon, for instance, is released from the alpha cells of the pancreas and promotes the release of glucose from glycogen stores in the liver. This interplay between insulin and these other hormones ensures blood glucose remains within a healthy range, but insulin is uniquely pivotal in driving glucose into cells after meals, making it the primary regulator in normal physiological conditions.