What is the primary function of insulin in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

The primary function of insulin in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is to reduce blood glucose levels and inhibit ketone production. In DKA, the body is unable to utilize glucose for energy due to a lack of insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels and an increased production of ketones as an alternative energy source. This process of ketogenesis can result in metabolic acidosis, which is a critical concern in DKA.

By administering insulin, blood glucose levels are effectively lowered, which not only helps to alleviate the hyperglycemic state but also suppresses the liver's production of ketones. Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose into the cells, thereby reducing the need for the body to produce ketones as an energy source. Furthermore, as insulin levels rise in the system, the enzymatic pathways that lead to the formation of ketones are downregulated, contributing to the resolution of DKA.

This highlights the critical role of insulin in both correcting hyperglycemia and preventing the escalation of ketoacidosis, making it a cornerstone of DKA management.