What effect can vigorous exercise have on blood sugar levels?

Vigorous exercise can lower blood sugar levels primarily because it increases the body’s sensitivity to insulin and enhances glucose uptake by the muscles. During intense physical activity, the muscles require more energy, which prompts them to utilize glucose in the bloodstream to meet that demand. This process can lead to a significant reduction in blood glucose levels, especially if the person is well-regulated and has an adequate serum insulin response.

While it's true that some individuals may initially experience a rise in blood glucose due to the stress hormones released during vigorous exercise, this is often a temporary effect. Overall, regular vigorous exercise generally improves glycemic control over time, making it an essential component of diabetes management.

In contrast to the correct choice, the other options do not accurately reflect the typical effects of vigorous exercise. The notion that vigorous exercise has no effect on blood sugar levels ignores the well-documented physiological response of the body to increased energy demands. Likewise, stating that exercise only raises blood sugar levels overlooks the long-term benefits and adaptations gained from consistent physical activity. Lastly, while exercise can contribute to stabilizing blood sugar levels over time, the immediate acute effect during vigorous activity tends to be a reduction in those levels, particularly in individuals with type 2 diabetes or those who are insulin