What complications might occur if DKA is not treated effectively?

The correct answer identifies severe complications that can arise from untreated diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). When DKA is not managed effectively, the body experiences an accumulation of ketones and a significant drop in pH levels, leading to metabolic acidosis. The consequences of this state can be severe and life-threatening.

Cerebral edema is a particularly dangerous complication that can occur, especially in children. The rapid shifts in fluid and electrolytes associated with DKA treatment or the condition itself can lead to swelling of the brain. Cardiac arrest may occur due to electrolyte imbalances such as hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels), which can disrupt normal heart rhythms. Multi-organ failure is another serious outcome, as the body's organs can begin to shut down due to prolonged acidotic state and inadequate perfusion.

In contrast, other options mentioned involve symptoms that are relatively mild and do not capture the serious nature of complications associated with untreated DKA. Muscle cramps and fatigue, nausea and vomiting, as well as short-term memory loss can occur due to metabolic disturbances but are not the major, life-threatening complications of DKA. Understanding these severe outcomes underscores the importance of prompt and effective treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis.