What are the three main signs of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

The three main signs of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) are high blood sugar, ketones in urine, and metabolic acidosis. High blood sugar is a critical indicator because DKA typically occurs in individuals with type 1 diabetes due to inadequate insulin levels, leading to elevated blood glucose. The presence of ketones in the urine signifies that the body is breaking down fat instead of glucose for energy, a direct consequence of insufficient insulin and is a hallmark of DKA. Lastly, metabolic acidosis occurs when the buildup of ketones (specifically, acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid) leads to a decrease in blood pH, indicating a serious imbalance that requires prompt medical attention. Understanding these signs is crucial for recognizing and treating DKA effectively.