How can stress contribute to diabetic emergencies?

Stress can significantly impact blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes primarily through the release of stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones are part of the body’s "fight or flight" response, which prepares the body to deal with perceived threats or challenges. When stress occurs, these hormones trigger several physiological changes, including increased gluconeogenesis, the process where the liver produces glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, and the release of glucose from glycogen stores into the bloodstream. This results in elevated blood glucose levels, which can lead to hyperglycemia if not properly managed.

While stress can also contribute to insulin resistance, loss of appetite, or affect insulin stores, the immediate and most significant impact is the increase in blood glucose levels due to the action of stress hormones. Understanding this mechanism helps in recognizing how psychological factors can play a critical role in managing diabetes and preventing emergencies related to uncontrolled blood sugar levels.