How can illness or infection impact a diabetic patient's blood sugar control?

Illness or infection can significantly affect a diabetic patient's blood sugar control primarily by increasing blood sugar levels. When the body is under stress from illness or infection, it responds by releasing stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones can cause the liver to release more glucose into the bloodstream and lead to increased insulin resistance, which makes it more difficult for cells to utilize glucose effectively. This results in higher blood sugar levels, which can be particularly concerning for individuals with diabetes.

Individuals with diabetes may find that even if they maintain their usual diet and medication regimen during an illness or infection, their blood sugar levels can still rise. This is a critical concept for diabetes management, as understanding the physiological response to stress can help patients anticipate changes in their blood sugar and adjust their treatment accordingly.