How can excessive glucagon levels affect blood sugar levels?

Excessive glucagon levels lead to an elevation of blood sugar levels. Glucagon is a hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas that plays a critical role in glucose metabolism. When blood sugar levels are low, glucagon is released to stimulate the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which is then released into the bloodstream. This process raises blood glucose levels.

In situations where glucagon levels are excessively high, the liver's output of glucose increases significantly, promoting hyperglycemia. This can occur during diabetic emergencies, particularly in cases of uncontrolled diabetes or in response to stress hormones when the body is needs more energy. Therefore, the function of glucagon in this context illustrates its importance in regulating blood sugar, as well as the potential consequences of its overproduction leading to elevated blood sugar levels.